Ib nrab-hnov qab Soviet kev lig kev cai ntawm daim ntawv pov tseg tau raug rov ua dua tshiab: niaj hnub no muaj kev thov rau daim ntawv rov ua dua tshiab. Txog tam sim no, qhov tseeb ntawm cov tuam txhab nruab nrab thiab cov tub ua lag luam tau yuav nws hauv tons tau tiv thaiv ntau ntawm kev sau cov ntawv sib cais. Tab sis, raws li nws tau muab tawm, qhov teeb meem no tseem muaj kev daws teeb meem, yog tias koj tuaj yeem koom tes nrog lwm tus. Lus hauv no teb +1 qhia peb muaj dab tsi lub tsam thawj cov kauj ruam yooj yim qhib kev rau kev lag luam cyclical. Nov yog tsib qho laj thawj uas koj tsis xav xa cov ntaub ntawv tsis tsim nyog mus pov tseg.
Duab: fool.com.au
1. Kev daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev khib nyiab
Txhua lub chaw haujlwm ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua yuav tsum txiav cov ntawv ntim khoom thiab cov tub rau duab. Xyoo dhau los daim ntawv teev caij nyoog, cov ntawv luam tawm tsis tsim nyog, ntawv xov xwm qub thiab ntawv xa ntawv, sau cov ntawv sau cia thiab cov ntawv sau cia siv thaj chaw thiab muab cov chaw ntshiv saib tsis zoo. Kev khaws cov ntawv pov tseg tsis tu ncua yuav ua kom muaj kev pov tseg cov ntawv pov tseg kom tsis tu ncua, uas feem ntau ntau ntxiv hauv chaw ua haujlwm rau xyoo.
Yees duab: imagenesmy.com
Muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm daim ntawv pov tseg
Daim ntawv yog cov khoom siv uas yooj yim rov ua dua tshiab thiab tsis poob nws cov khoom tom qab nws. Kev rov siv cov ntawv pov tseg yog nqa los ntawm cov lag luam tshwj xeeb nrog uas koj tuaj yeem kos npe rau ib zaug lossis ib qho kev pom zoo nrog kev koom tes.
Cov ntawv khib nyiab tuaj yeem xa mus yuav luag txhua lub nroog hauv Lavxias. Qhov kev ua tau yooj yim no muab cov koom haum raug cai los saib xyuas kom tau txais txiaj ntsig:
- tso nyiaj ntxiv. Khib daim ntawv pov tseg yog tau them rau tus nqi thiab tso cai rau koj kom tau nyiaj ntawm cov pov tseg uas tsis xav tau ntxiv lawm,
- txaws qhov chaw hauv chav ua haujlwm. Cov ntawv pov tseg yuav tshem tawm qhov chaw hauv chav thiab tso cai rau siv ntau qhov kev xav, thiab qhov no yuav ua kom sai,
- txhim kho lub koob npe nrov thiab duab ntawm lub tuam txhab. Rov ua dua daim ntawv pov tseg sib npaug sib npaug saib xyuas rau ib puag ncig thiab ib puag ncig. Kev koom tes hauv cov phiaj xwm no hais txog lub koom haum li niaj hnub, xav txog tag kis. Lub koob npe nrov ntawm eco-phooj ywg ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhim kho cov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam.
Dab tsi yog ntawv pov tseg thiab nws los qhov twg los?
Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau peb xav txog peb lub neej tsis muaj ntawv nyob hauv ntawv. Txhua txhua hnub peb yuav cov kua txiv thiab mis nyuj rau hauv cov thawv thiab cov qe hauv thawv. Peb siv cov ntawv so tes, ntawv hnab, thiab haus kas fes los ntawm cov ntawv khob. Yuav lub TV, ntsiav tshuaj, multicooker - peb yeej yuav tau txais peb duab los qhia lub thawv.
Cov chaw ntawm lub neej cuam tshuam rau kev siv ntawv tsuas yog siv tsis ncaj xwb. Tsis tas yuav hais, nyob hauv thaj chaw uas niaj hnub ntawv khib nyiab ntsuas tau hauv kaum, lossis ntau pua kilo:
- Chaw ua haujlwm thiab chaw ua haujlwm
- luam ntawv tuam txhab uas muag,
- lub tsev rau khoom ntau ceg
- khw thiab tsev loj,
- cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov chaw qhia txuj ci.
Los ntawm kev pov cov ntawv pov tseg rau hauv cov khib nyiab, peb txhawb kev ua kom deforestation thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov chaw paug. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm qhov khoom los ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg khib nyiab yog qhov qis tshaj qhov ntawd ntawm ntoo vim qhov qis zog siv ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Nws yuav zoo li tias txoj kev daws teeb meem yooj yim - ua txhua yam los ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg thiab yog li tua ob tug noog nrog ib lub pob zeb: kom khaws cia xwm thiab txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav. Tab sis hauv kev coj ua, txhua yam tsis yooj yim thiab tsis pom tseeb.
Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem no nrog kev rov ua dua tshiab hauv Russia
Cov ntawv pov tseg rov ua dua tsis zoo nyob hauv tebchaws Russia. Kuv txhais tau tias, tsis yog phem ib yam li ua ntej, tab sis tsis zoo nyob hauv Europe.
Rau kev sib piv, hauv Europe lawm 60% daim ntawv pov tseg yog rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov siv dua. AT Ntawm Russia daim duab no tsis yog ncav cuag 18%.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, ib feem pua loj ntawm daim ntawv pov tseg tseem tig mus rau qhov av nyomtxawm hais tias "ib puag ncig" nyob zoo, uas yog tau maj mam nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los Tseem xyoo Ntau tshaj li 1,200,000 hectares ntawm cov hav zoov tau txo qis.
Qhov twb tau ua lawm:
- Nkag rau hauv lub zog hauv xyoo 2015 txoj cai txwv kev xa cov ntawv pov tseg los ntawm Lavxias FederationCov. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom nres qhov kev ua txhaum cai nrog cov ntawv pov tseg, uas tau ua los ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam tsis ncaj. Tib lub tseem fwv kev txiav txim siab pub neutralize cov ntawv pov tseg tsis txaus hauv Lavxias, vim tias cov ntawv ua cov ntawv lag luam tau pib ua haujlwm ntau yam ntxiv.
- Yog lawm os VAT ntawm kev muag cov ntawv ntim pov tsegCov. Qhov no tau ua rau cov tswv lag luam xav tau ntau dua. cev tes lawv cov ntawv zom cov khoom pov tseg, thiab tseem muab kev txhawb zog rau kev tsim kho nkim ntawv lag luam.
- Ubiquitous faib cov ntim rau cais sau khib nyiab, suav nrog tshwj xeeb cov ntawv ntim khib nyiab, txhawb kev ceev faj ib feem ntawm cov pej xeem nqa lawv cov ntawv pov tseg rau ntawd. Nws tseem tuaj yeem pab txo cov tsis txaus los ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
Dab tsi tseem yuav tau ua:
- Yuav txais cov nqi ntawm cov kev tshem tawm cov se ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm tus kheej raws li qhov muab cov ntawv pov tseg. Tsis yog txhua tus pej xeem pom zoo muab lawv cov ntawv thiab cov duab los qhia ib qho nyiaj dawb, tsuas yog rau lub tswv yim txuag tsob ntoo. Rau ntau, qhov khoom siv ntawm qhov teeb meem kuj tseem ceeb. Rau nrhiav nyiaj rau daim ntawv pov tseg, ib tug neeg yuav tsum ua pov thawj tias nws tau ua tus tswv rau ntau dua peb lub xyoo (uas yuav luag txhua tus ua tsis tau), tom qab ntawd them cov nqi se ntawm tus kheej los ntawm, muab nws mob me, qhov nyiaj tau los tsawg tsawg. Nyob rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov pej xeem tsis tshua nyiam khaws daim ntawv pov tseg mus rau cov chaw sau, thiab txuas ntxiv mus coj nws mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg ze tshaj plaws.
- Muab los siv sau cov khib nyiab sib cais tag nrhoCov. Qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom ntim hauv yards ntawm txoj kev hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov nroog loj tsis tso cai khaws ib qho me me ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg tsim tawm los ntawm cov pej xeem. Cov neeg nyob hauv cov chaw nyob deb, zoo li hauv cov nroog me thiab cov zos, txuas ntxiv pov cov ntawv rau hauv cov thoob khib nyiab. Peb yuav tsum siv zog kom paub meej tias qhov tshwj xeeb cov ntawv ntim pov tseg los ua qhov tseem ceeb uas tsis tau pom ntawm txhua qhov chaw hauv txhua lub nroog ntawm Russia.
- Los txhawb ib puag ncig cov qauv: txuag cov ntoo, txuag cov peev txheej, txuag cov xwm, thiab lwm yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv tsev kawm. Kom xa rov qab cov xeeb ceem ntawm cov pej xeem mus rau lawv thaj av.
Daim ntawv muab pov tseg rau hauv cov khib nyiab yuav dhau los tsis phim rau kev ua mus ntxiv. Khaws nws thiab cev tes rau cov ntsiab lus txais tos txwv tsis pub rau kev tu cev. Yog li, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg, dhau ntawm cov khib nyiab, mus rau kev ua cov nroj tsuag.
Hom thiab pawg, ntau yam raws li GOST
Raws li GOST, ntawv pov tseg muaj peb pawg tseem ceeb - A, B thiab C.
Cov feem coob zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig daim ntawv pov tseg. Hoob no suav nrog:
- dawb ntawv los yog pov tseg los ntawm nws cov ntau lawm,
- dawb ntawv nrog tus pas ntsuas,
- siv tsis tau sulphate sis plawv hniav ntawv,
- cov hnab ntawv (tsis muaj impregnation, interlayers thiab txhawb nqa ntxiv).
Hauv chav kawm ib yam suav nrog kev pov tseg los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov ntawv qib siab los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, thiab qhov no yog ntawv: ntim,
lwm hom zoo sib xws.
nws cov ntawv khib nyiab kim tshaj plawsCov. Koj tuaj yeem khwv tau ib kilo ntawm cov ntawv zoo li ntawm qhov chaw sib sau 10 thiab ntau rublesCov. Yog tias koj ntsuas nyob rau hauv ntau ntau, tom qab ntawd ntau dua.
Cov ntawv khib nyiab nruab nrab zooCov. Nws:
- corrugated duab los qhia,
- corrugated duab los qhia ntsiab (fluting, lub hauv paus), pov tseg ntau lawm ntawm cov khoom no,
- duab los qhia nrog lossis tsis luam ntawv (tshwj tsis yog muaj khau, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab vov tsev),
- cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv xov xwm, cov ntawv sau thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntawv uas luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv dawb (tsis muaj cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov hlua khi),
- archival cov ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv, dua luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv dawb.
Hom ntawv pov tseg no yog qhov feem ntau ntauCov. Cov pej xeem yog coj los ntawm 2 txog 8 rubles ib phaus nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
Txhawm rau pab pawg B, nws tus kheej inferior hauv zoo, suav nrog tag nrho cov ntawv lag luam uas tsis nyob rau lwm qhov chaw.
Nws:
- impregnated duab los qhia, ya raws resistant, bituminous, laminated, vov tsev,
- cov khoom ntawv xov xwm nrog ob leeg dub thiab dawb thiab xim luam ntawv,
- ntawv xov xwm ntau lawm pov tseg,
- ntawv tes tsho thiab tes tsho,
- pov cov khoom lag luam,
- daim ntawv npog,
- xim duab los qhia thiab ntawv.
Xws li cov ntawv pov tseg cov ntawv qis koj tuaj yeem pab ua kom tiav tsawg tshaj li ib lub ruble ib phaus. Tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, tus nqi yuav mus txog 2 RUB.
Txhua pawg ntawm cov khib nyiab hauv daim ntawv tau muab faib ua pawg me, uas suav nrog qee yam khoom lag luam. Rau cov neeg uas xav tau kev faib tawm ntau dua, qhov txuas rau GOST yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig.
Yuav ua li cas txheeb cov ntawv pov tseg
Cov ntawv pov tseg khib nyiab tau muab faib ua ob pawg:
Pawg B - cov khib nyiab zoo nruab nrab. Cov no suav nrog: daim ntawv corrugated thiab nws cov khoom sib txuas, duab los qhia nrog luam ntawv, tshwj tsis yog hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, vov tsev thiab khau, nrog rau cov phau ntawv, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv nthuav qhia, ntawv nthuav qhia, ntawv ci, ntawv sau, phau ntawv sau, phau ntawv tsis siv thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm daim ntawv dawb.
Pawg B - muaj khib nyiab zoo. Cov no yog cov ntawv xov xwm, ntawv tes tsho, khoom noj pob, cov ntawv tsis muaj cov ntawv sau tsis zoo, cov khoom lag luam pwm ntawm cov khoom siv pwm, noo-pov thawj thiab laminated cardboard thiab ntawv, xim dub, xim av thiab xim duab los qhia nrog daim ntawv sau loj.
Cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm kev txais tos tej zaum yuav muaj lawv tus kheej cov cai thiab nuances, tab sis yuav muaj qhov sawv daws.
Nkim ntawv pov tseg ub tej yam mob:
- Daim ntawv thiab cov duab los qhia yuav tsum qhuav,
- Cov khib nyiab yuav tsum tau muab faib ua kom zoo (ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, duab ntawv, ntawv corrugated, thiab lwm yam),
- Phau ntawv lees txais yam tsis muaj ntawv npog,
- Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov khoom lag luam tau txais yuav yam tsis muaj ntawv txiav tawm, staples, cov ntaub ntawv, staplers.
Yuav ua li cas yog tias sau ntsiab lus thiab kev tsim cov nroj tsuag txais pov tseg ntawm kev lag luam teev (loj loj xwb)
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tau xaiv los ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab tus kheej lub hom phiaj uas txhua tus xaiv rau nws tus kheej. Piv txwv, koj lub hom phiaj super - tsis yog gram nyob rau hauv thoob khib nyiab, tag nrho kev ua. Koj lub tsev me, cov neeg nyob ze koj tsis sib cuag, koj nrhiav tsis tau cov neeg txhawb nqa kom deb taug kev. Tom qab ntawv tsim ntau lub suab thiab muab rov qab rau hauv cov ntim uas qhia tau los ntawm tus kws tshaj tawm.
Yog tias koj txoj haujlwm yog yooj yim dua, koj tsuas yog xav kom lub tsev huv si, sau cov duab los qhia thiab ntawv xov xwm nyias, rub lawv nrog twine thiab muab lawv tso rau hauv qab nplooj ntoo hauv lub thoob khib nyiab, kom nag los daus tsis poob ntawm ib pawg.
Tus neeg tu vajtse lossis tus sau cov kws tshaj lij yuav coj, tej zaum txawm hais tias ua tsaug rau koj, thiab coj koj mus rau qhov chaw txais tos. Tab sis txoj hauv kev no muaj kev pheej hmoo tias ib tug neeg yuav xav txog koj qhov "khoom plig" kom tsis txhob muab pov tseg thiab xa mus pov tseg, qhov no yog qhov tseeb uas koj tsuas xav tau thaum xaiv qhov kev txiav txim siab no.
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv koj lub tsev, uas txhua leej txhua tus yuav txiav txim siab tsim lub chaw rau kev sib sau sib cais ntawm cov khib nyiab, suav nrog cardboard, uas yuav muab muag rau hauv nruab nrab sawv cev rau cov tuam txhab tswj hwm (HOA, Vaj Tsev thiab Chaw Tsim Nyog Hluav Taws Xob), thiab cov nyiaj yuav mus rau kev tu vaj tsev.
Yuav ua li cas txhawb cov neeg nyob ze coj cov ntawv pov tseg
Koj yuav tsum pib nrog menyuam ua si. Tab sis tsis txhob tso lawv tawm qauv rau kev xa cov ntawv pov tseg. Kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "leej twg tuaj yeem" tuaj yeem ua ib hlis ib zaug, thiab rau cov menyuam nyiam, cov chav kawm uas yeej rau thawj ib nrab xyoo tuaj yeem muaj nqi zog nrog kev mus ncig ua yeeb yam, tsev zoo, tsev cia puav pheej, chaw ua yeeb yam niaj hnub lossis lwm qhov chaw.
Nws tsis txaus ntseeg tsuas yog tig rau hauv daim ntawv pov tseg. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau piav qhia txog daim ntawv ua dab tsi, ntau npaum li cas ntoo tau txiav, dab tsi yog kev puas tsuaj rau qhov xwm los ntawm lumberjacks, sis plawv hniav thiab ntawv mills, nroj tsuag tshuaj thiab seb qhov txo ntawm cov ntoo cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab lub neej ntev li cas ntawm tib neeg.
Raws li rau cov neeg laus, qhov teeb meem no nyuaj dua. Ib feem ntawm qhov teeb meem yog daws teeb meem los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke sib cais, tab sis nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov pej xeem hauv tsev tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo rau qhov teeb meem no, yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb siab ntxiv ntawm lub xeev.
2. Muab cov khib nyiab rau hauv cov khoom muag
Yog tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg ntau nyob hauv chaw ua haujlwm, txij li ib tuj lossis ntau dua, nws tuaj yeem muag rau cov tuam txhab uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev yuav cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Yog li, khib nyiab, uas yuav txwv tsis pub them tus nqi, tsawg kawg yuav them rau nws txoj kev thauj mus los.
Tau kawg, tsis yog txhua lub koom haum tswj kom ntau ntau tons ntawm daim ntawv pov tseg. Tab sis muaj kev daws teeb meem hauv qhov no ib yam nkaus. Lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem tsim cov phiaj xwm kev koom tes, koom tes nrog lwm tus los npaj cov khoom sau, tshem tawm thiab muag cov ntawv pov tseg. Lossis koom tes nrog ib qhov kev pabcuam uas twb muaj lawm, xws li Ntawv Sau, uas ua haujlwm hauv Moscow. Lub tuam txhab "OptiCom" koom nrog kev teeb tsa cov ntim thiab cov ntawv tshem tawm hauv kev pauv hloov rau kev txiav txim nws cov khoom ntim khoom, ntim khoom lossis khoom siv hauv tsev rau cov lag luam, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv ib puag ncig thiab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab.
3. Pab Pawg Tsim Kho
Kev koom tes nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev sau cov ntawv pov tseg tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem uas nquag muaj thaum ib tus neeg xav ua ib yam dab tsi los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, tab sis nws tsis muaj kev paub, lub sijhawm thiab peev txheej rau kev ua ub no thiab ywj siab. Kev koom tes hauv kev sib sau ua ke ua ke ua rau thaj chaw muaj feem xyuam thiab qhov tseeb ntawm pab pawg, ua rau muaj kev txaus siab los ntawm cov lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig uas ua rau muaj kev sib koom siab thiab koom nrog tib neeg.
Txhawb cov neeg ua haujlwm nqa lawv tus kheej daim ntawv pov tseg, lub tuam txhab tsis yog qhia lawv txog kev txuag ntawm xwm, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ncav cuag cov ntim ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg rau daim ntawv thov uas zoo nkauj.
Yuav sau licas, khaws thiab pub cov ntawv pov tseg rau cov nyiaj
Kuv nquag tig hauv daim ntawv pov tseg thiab ua kom tau nyiaj.
Cov ntawv khib nyiab yog cov ntawv pov tseg thiab cov ntawv thawv uas tuaj yeem siv tom qab ua tiav. Cov ntawv ntim tawm yog siv los ua tsev plob thiab qhwv ntawv, qe txheej, thiab pob ntawv cardboard. Nws kuj tseem yog siv hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev. Cov koom haum tswj xyuas pov tseg yuav cov ntawv pov tseg yuav rov ua lawv tus kheej lossis muag nws ua raw khoom lag luam kom rov ua dua tshiab.
Rau ib xyoos thiab ib nrab kuv tau muab 455 kg ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg thiab khwv tau 1625 R ntawm qhov no. Nws tsis yog hais txog cov nyiaj: nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kuv uas kuv muaj peev xwm muab yam thib ob hauv lub neej, thiab tsis yog coj lawv mus pov tseg.
Hauv tsab xov xwm Kuv yuav qhia koj tias yuav txuag li cas, nqa daim ntawv pov tseg thiab koj khwv tau ntau npaum li cas.
P "dav =" 1000 "qhov siab =" 667 "chav =" "style =" max-dav: 1000px, qhov siab: nws pib "> Kuv nqa 50 kg ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg mus rau qhov chaw khaws cia. Hauv qab no yog hnyav cardboard ntim los ntawm chaw ua haujlwm rooj tog thiab khoos phis tawj, nyob rau saum toj - cov thawv ntawv nrog cov phau ntawv thiab hnab ntim ntawv.Rau rau txhua yam kuv tau 150 R
Cov ntawv khib nyiab hauv cov koom haum
Raws li kev txheeb cais, ob feem peb ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg tag nrho yog tsim los ntawm cov chaw muaj cai (xeev, nroog thiab cov koomhaum ntiag tug). Tus nqi ntau ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg poob rau:
- loj cov ntaub ntawv tswj tuam txhab
- cov tsev kawm txuj uas cov phau ntawv so, ntawv sau, ntawv xov xwm, cov phiaj xwm thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib yam yog khaws cia
- cov tsev khaws khoom, chaw ua haujlwm thiab khw muag khoom uas nquag ua haujlwm nrog cov ntim ntim khoom ua los ntawm cov ntawv lossis duab los qhia.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, daim ntawv pov tseg tsim tawm ntawm cov lag luam lawv tus kheej tau muab faib ua ntau hom. Qhov no yog cov ntawv ua cov ntawv dawb, daim ntawv hnab thiab cov khoom lag luam (hom A), duab los qhia, ntau phau ntawv, phau ntawv sau thiab phau ntawv sau (hom B), ntawv xov xwm, impregnated ntawv, duab los qhia thiab ntawv xim av thiab cov khoom lag luam dub (hom B).
Tus nqi ntawm cov ntawv khib nyiab nyob ntawm hom ntawv, uas yog, nws zoo. Daim ntawv dawb ntawv tau muab ntsuas ntau npaum li cov ntawv xov xwm qub lossis kev qhia ua qauv nrog cov nplooj ntawv tsis huv.
Qhov twg nqa daim ntawv pov tseg
Txais tos cov ntsiab lus. Hauv ntau lub nroog loj muaj kev lag luam uas lees txais cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Feem ntau raug caw mus rau kev txais tos cov ntsiab lus - muaj cov neeg ua hauj lwm hnyav cov ntawv pov tseg thiab them rau txhua qhov hnyav.
Txhua lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txais tos yog cim rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia Greenpeace. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub nroog thiab hom pov tseg. Hauv ib qho chaw tuaj yeem nqa ntau hom khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab: daim ntawv, zaj duab xis, yas, hlau. Tsis yog txhua lub tuam txhab pov tseg cov khoom me me. Qhov chaw lawv npaj siab them rau ib kilogram, thiab qee qhov chaw tsawg kawg yog los ntawm 100 kg lossis tons.
Hauv kuv lub nroog kuv nrhiav tau tsib lub chaw lag luam no. Cia li googled "muab daim ntawv pov tseg pov tseg rau Novgorod Great."Nws xa txhua tus tib email, nyob rau hauv uas nws teev qhov tsawg kawg nkaus pob, nqi rau ib phaus thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Lawv teb kuv tsuas yog los ntawm LLC "Vtororesursy". Tam sim no kuv tsav cov ntawv khib nyiab rau lawv txhua lub sijhawm.
Tuaj pab dawb Daim ntawv khib nyiab kuj tseem sau los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb. Lawv teeb cov ntsiab lus khaws cia rau kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab coj txhua yam sau rau cov lag luam coj los ua. Thaum kuv tab tom pib khaws cov ntawv pov tseg, Kuv thawj zaug khaws cia cov ntawv hauv tsev, thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus thaum ua yeeb yam. Tab sis qhov no tau muab ua qhov tsis yooj yim: nws nyuaj rau kev kho kom haum rau lub sij hawm npaj khoom. Hauv kuv lub nroog lawv tsuas tuav txhua thawj Hnub Saturday ntawm txhua lub hli txij thaum 11 txog 12 sawv ntxov.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb rau cov haujlwm zoo li no tsis muaj dab tsi: cov nyiaj tau los mus rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm haujlwm thiab nqi thauj. Thaum qhov kev txiav txim, tsis tsuas yog daim ntawv pov tseg yuav tau txais, tab sis kuj tseem pob tshab yas ntim dej haus rau cov dej haus (1PET kos), opaque lub raj mis rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce (2HDPE cim, 5РР), hnab yas huv si, txhuas thiab poom poom, khob ntim - menyuam mos poom zaub mov, lam fwj.
Cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab tuaj yeem nqa tuaj ntawm qhov ntau. Lub ntsiab mob: nws yuav tsum huv thiab haum rau kev thauj mus los. Cov ntawv khib nyiab - hauv cov ntawv txuas nrog hlua, lub raj mis thiab cov kaus poom - hauv cov thawv ntawv, nteg tawm los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm thiaj li tsis mus tawg. Cov pob khoom yuav tsum muab tais thiab tamped.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txais tos ntawm cov khoom siv rov qab tau thaum lub sijhawm ua ub ua no tau teeb tsa ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov nroog. Hauv Veliky Novgorod, cov ntsiab lus zoo li no feem ntau yog 13.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub koom haum ntawm kev hloov cov ntawv pov tseg los ntawm cov tuam txhab
Cov ntawv khib nyiab (daim duab, ntawv pov tseg, ntawv pov thawj, ntawv pov thawj, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv nthuav qhia, luam tawm) yog yuav rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov tsim nyog, lawv yuav tsum muaj cov cwj pwm hauv qab no:
- txheeb tawm los ntawm hom (los ntawm hom khoom lag luam, muaj cov duab xim thiab duab). Koj tuaj yeem nqa daim ntawv tsis tas yuav txiav tawm ua ntej, tab sis cov ntawv pov tseg li no tau txiav txim siab qis thiab tsis tshua muaj nqi,
- dryness thiab huv (tsis muaj roj, qias neeg stains, thiab lwm yam),
- ntxuav los ntawm kev suav nrog cov txawv teb chaws thiab cov khoom siv (keeb kwm, ntawv txiav, staples, sau phau ntawv sau, thiab lwm yam),
- muaj kev ntim khoom me me (kom muab ntim, cov thawv, hlua los yog yob nyias, nias). Txawm hais tias koj yuav tsum tau xyuas nrog lub tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab txog qhov kawg ntawm no, nws cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau ua khoom ntim.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm cov pov tseg, ib lub tuam txhab uas xav siv cov ntawv pov tseg rov ua haujlwm pabcuam yuav tsum tsom mus rau yam tseem ceeb xws li tagnrho. Kev xyaum qhia tau tias hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov koomhaum hauv ib lub lis piam, los ntawm 10 txog 30 kg ntawm cov ntawv siv tau tuaj yeem tsim, uas yog, ib tuj hauv rau lub hlis lossis ib xyoos.
Ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov nrawm ntawm lub tuam txhab "khib nyiab", koj tuaj yeem yooj yim suav lub sijhawm uas cov ntawv tsis tseem ceeb yuav raug sau. Raws li qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xaiv txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev teeb tsa cov ntawv sib sau ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg:
- npaj cov export tom qab tsub zuj zuj ntawm loj tseem ceeb rau koj lub koom haum thiab tsis ua nws ib yam nkaus thiab,
- tsis txhob sau cov khib nyiab ntau ntau los ntawm kev muab cov ntawv pov tseg tsis tu ncua, thaum qib qis tshaj plaws rau cov ntawv pov tseg tau mus txog, uas feem ntau yog cov tuam txhab pov tseg pov tseg rau cov chaw muaj cai (feem ntau 300-500 kg).
Muab cov txheej txheem pov tseg
Cov ntawv sau khib nyiab los ntawm cov koom haum koom nrog ntau kauj ruam:
- xaiv lub tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev koom tes (rau qhov no koj tuaj yeem siv Greenpeace daim ntawv sib tham sib qhia, uas tseem qhia tau cov chaw rau kev xa khoom ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua, lossis phau ntawv qhia txog kev lag luam),
- sau daim ntawv thov rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tuam txhab xaiv. Koj tseem tuaj yeem hu rau nws tus thawj coj hauv lwm txoj kev (hauv xov tooj, e-mail), pom zoo rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev koom tes thiab lub sijhawm pov tseg cov ntawv pov tseg (feem ntau cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tshem tawm ncaj qha rau hnub kho)
- khib daim ntawv sorting thiab ntim,
- tshem cov ntawv pov tseg mus rau qhov chaw sau lossis hu rau cov neeg thauj khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab, uas lawv tus kheej yuav thauj khoom thiab nqa cov ntawv pov tseg los ntawm koj lub hoobkas. Thaum tuaj tos tus taw tes siv hluav taws xob lossis tsheb nplai, daim ntawv yuav raug ntsuas, cais thiab ntsuas raws li nws qhov ua tau zoo. Tsuas yog tom qab qhov no, tus sawv cev ntawm tus neeg tau siv yuav qhia txhua qhov nqi ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg,
- tau txais cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev hloov nyiaj hauv txhab nyiaj lossis nyiaj ntsuab thiab lawv suav nrog hauv cov lus nyiaj txiag ntawm lub koom haum.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem xaus qhov kev pom zoo rau kev koom tes nrog kev ua haujlwm nrog lub tuam txhab tsim khoom. Tom qab ntawd, thaum rov ua cov ntawv pov tseg, cov theem ntawm cov qib yuav raug txo kom tsawg.
Khib daim ntawv pov tseg thiab lwm cov kev pabcuam ntxiv ntawm cov neeg siv
Cov tuam txhab siv tau muab cov koom haum kev cai lij choj nrog rau kev pab cuam ntau ntxiv rau kev pov tseg cov ntawv pov tseg. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb:
- tshem tawm cov ntawv pov tseg los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lag luam. Koj tuaj yeem xa cov ntawv pov tseg mus rau qhov chaw sau ntawv siv koj tus kheej thauj lossis siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov khoom siv thauj khoom. Cov tuam txhab feem ntau coj tawm daim ntawv pub dawb thaum mus txog qee qhov pib raws qhov hnyav (feem ntau los ntawm 500 kg) thiab txawm tias muab cov kev pabcuam pub dawb ntawm movers (rau kev txiav txim siab dhau 1 tuj),
- ntim thiab txheeb cov ntawv los ntawm hom rau ntxiv pov tseg lossis rov ua dua tshiab,
- kev rhuav tshem cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, rau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb raug coj los ntawm kev cai lij choj (qhov tseeb ntawm kev rhuav tshem yog teev, cov ntaub ntawv tsis pub lwm tus yuav tsum tsis txhob txais).
Cov tuam txhab rhuav pov tseg tuaj yeem siv ntau lub thev naus laus zis rau qhov no: hlawv cov ntawv pov thawj lossis muab lawv siv ib qho kev siv shredder. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob tau raug lees paub tias muaj ntau dua li niaj hnub thiab ib puag ncig. Kev tso cov ntawv pov tseg yog nqa tawm ob qho tib si rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tuam txhab siv, qhov twg tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tau tso cai tas li, thiab hauv lwm qhov chaw yooj yim rau tus neeg muas zaub qhov chaw ntim khoom tuaj yeem tso (hmoov av, khib nyiab tsis nyob, kev ua haujlwm yog ntsiag to).
Thaum archival cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg raug rhuav tshem, pov tseg tsab cai pov tseg. Nws tau kos npe los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg siv thiab cov neeg siv khoom, thiab tom qab affixing foob, nws tau txais kev cai lij choj.
Tus nqi ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg, cov se ntawm nws
Tus nqi uas tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev sau cov ntawv pov tseg rau kev rov ua dua lossis pov tseg yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo thiab hom ntawv. Cov tuam txhab sib txawv, ntxiv rau ua haujlwm ntawm lawv tus kheej tus nqi, uas tso cai rau koj kom paub koj tus kheej nrog ntau cov npe teev nqi thiab xaiv cov kev xaiv uas haum tshaj plaws rau koj tus kheej. Feem ntau, rau kev tshaj xov xwm, koj tuaj yeem khwv tau ntawm 3,000 txog 6,000 rubles rau ib tuj, thiab rau cov duab los qhia - ntawm 3,000 txog 8,500 rubles.
Kev siv cov xovxwm tshwj xeeb tso cai rau nce nqi ntawm ntawv pov tseg. Feem ntau, nias ntawv thiab cardboard yog npaum li cas los ntawm cov tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab kim dua - txog 0.5-1 rubles. ib phaus, uas nrog ntau ntau ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Yog tias qhov ntau ntawm daim ntawv pov tseg tsis tu ncua tau tsim hauv koj lub koom haum, kev yuav khoom ntawm ib hnub yuav dhau los ua kev nqis peev zoo. Nws tso cai tsis yog kom khwv tau ntau dua los ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj, tab sis kuj txuag thaj chaw hauv chaw rau khoom lossis chaw ua haujlwm qhov chaw khaws cov ntawv pov tseg, kom muaj kev thauj mus los yooj yim ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg mus rau qhov chaw khaws.
Cov nqi se rau kev cai lij choj ntxiv rau kev sau cov ntawv pov tseg tam sim no tsis raug them los ntawm cov chaw muaj cai, uas yog, cov nyiaj tau txais tsis raug rau VAT.
Txheeb nyiaj txiag
Lub tuam txhab tau txais cov khoom siv nyiaj txiag tau txais los ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg raws li cov lus qhia nyiaj txiag. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov peev txheej pov tseg, siv ob txoj hauv kev:
- cia li dhau ntawm qhov program 1C ZUP (ntu "Tau txais cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam", tshaj tawm hauv cov txheej txheem ibyam),
- phau ntawv hauv 1C system (ntu "Cov Haujlwm" - "Cov haujlwm tau nkag mus hauv tus kheej").
Yog tias tsim nyog, lub tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab tuaj yeem thov ib txoj cai ntawm kev tau txais ntawv pov tseg thiab siv nws hauv kev npaj ntawm cov lus hais txog nyiaj txiag.
thaum 7:00 - 20:00,
monday saturday.
(Los ntawm kev pom zoo, tuaj tos cov hnub so thiab hnub Sunday yog ua tau.)
Dab tsi tuaj yeem nqa thiab tsis tau
Muaj sau cov ntawv khib nyiab, ib tus pej xeem yuav tsis txaus siab tias qee qhov ntawm nws nrog nws yuav tsis txaisCov. Qhov no yog vim tias tsis yog txhua txhua hom ntawv siv khoom tuaj yeem ua dua tshiab thiab, raws li, cov chaw txais tos yuav tsis lees txais nws.
dab tsi koj nqa tau:
- daim ntawv sau
- phau ntawv sau
- ntawv xov xwm
- cov phau ntawv
- cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv,
- duab los qhia thiab corrugated cardboard.
Ua ntej koj nqa koj cov phau ntawv qub mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg khaws cia ntawv pov tseg, nrhiav seb puas yog tsawg tsawg thiab seb kab lis kev cai thiab puav pheej muaj nqisCov. Muaj lub sijhawm thaum tib neeg tso ib lub nyiaj npib rau ib qho uas raug nqi qhov hmoov zoo.
dab tsi koj nqa tsis tau:
- cov khoom siv uas siv tas
- cov ntawv huv (ntaub so ntswg, ntaub hoob nab),
- ntawv pov tseg hauv tsev kho mob (phaib, ntawv khaws tseg),
- qe tais
- tus neeg sau nyiaj tshev
- cov ntawv sau khib nyiab hauv cov khib nyiab.
Cov teeb meem muaj teeb meem tej zaum yuav tshwm sim txog:
- laminated duab los qhia
- ntsej muag ntawv xov xwm
- ntawv cov khoom lag luam nrog impregnation, inserts, txhawb ntxiv.
Qhov yog tias nyob rau hauv Russia tsis muaj ntau lub chaw lag luam uas muaj lub peev xwm los ua cov ntawv pov tseg no. Piv txwv li, ntim Tetra Pak lus dag hauv hnav feedstock rau:
Cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm cov thev naus laus zis, tus nqi siab thiab qis siv khoom coj los ua rau qhov tseeb uas hauv kev ua cov ntawv khib nyiab laminated cov pej xeem feem ntau tsis kam.
Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kev muab cov ntawv pov tseg siv rau cov chaw muaj cai. Pov pov tseg nqa cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg rau cov lag luam txwv tsis pub hawv yuav tau txais lub txim loj. Lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem tshem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov chaw khaws cia:
- muaj xaus lus sib cog lus nrog tuam txhab pov tseg daim ntawv pov tseg, cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov uas yuav nquag mus saib xyuas thiab nqa tawm cov khoom sau los ntau,
- noj kom zoo dua cov ntaub ntawv rhuav tshem cov tuam txhab (tshwj xeeb yog lawv tsis pub leej twg paub).
Lub tswv yim coj mus ua dua li cas
Txhua cov ntawv ntim khoom, txawm tias yog duab los qhia, daim ntawv dawb lossis ntawv xov xwm, muaj nias sis plawv hniav nrog rau kev ntxiv ntawm ntau yam tshuaj yeeb - kua nplaum, dyes thiab lwm yam.
Lub essence ntawm kev ua yog tshem tawm teeb meem txawv teb chaws thiab tau txais cov ntshiab sis plawv hniav, uas mus rau qhov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov ntawv tshiab.
Nyeem ntxiv txog rov qab siv dua:
- Thawj zaug ntawv txheeb thiab ntxuav los ntawm pom cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws - hlau, yas, polyethylene, roj hmab thiab lwm tus.
- Tom qab ntawd cov ntaub ntawv nyoos tau muab tso rau hauv lub pulper (ib qho khoom siv uas zoo li lub tshuab ua kom zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntawm tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus), qhov twg nrog ntxiv ntawm dej nplawm mus rau hauv cov teeb tsis haum loj. Cov fibers txha o thiab cais tawm ntawm impurities loj. Hauv daim ntawv no, kua ua kua pulp yog qhov tsim nyog qe tais thiab cardboard ntawm qib qis.
- Cov theem tom ntej yog ntau dua kev sib sib zog nqus tu ntawm impuritiesCov. Nws yog tsim tawm uas siv lub suab sib vibrating. Ntawm cov zis peb tau txais cov khoom nyoos haum rau kev tsim khoom cov khoom lag luam zoo dua (ntim cov duab los qhia, corrugated board Cheebtsam).
- Los ua cov zoo zoo sis plawv hniav zoo tutaug qab los ntawm qhov sib ntxiv cov khoom siv ntxiv (ntoo pulp, dyes, thiab lwm yam). Yog li ntawd, peb tau txais cov khoom lag luam zoo kawg nkaus rau kev tsim khoom A-qib zoo ntawv.
Nyeem ntxiv txog cov txheej txheem no thiab tag nrho nws cov theem hauv cov khoom siv khoom siv rau thev naus laus zis rau cov ntawv rov ua dua tshiab.
Txais Cov ntsiab lus
Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg cov ntsiab lus khaws cia raug txo kom tsawg ntawv pov tseg los ntawm cov tib neeg thiab cov chaw muaj feem nrog muag lossis pov tseg tom qab.
Ntxiv rau qhov tau txais daim ntawv pov tseg los ntawm cov pej xeem, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw xaus kev pom zoo nrog kev lag luamtom qab uas lawv coj tawm ntau ntawm daim ntawv pov tseg.
Txhua yam khoom tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob yam:
- cov neeg uas nqa daim ntawv pov tseg ob tog loj thiab me tog (los ntawm 1-10 kg),
- cov uas txais tsuas yog muaj ob tog tog loj nkaus xwb daim ntawv pov tseg (ntawm 100, 500, 1000 kg).
Thawj hom yog qhov tsuas yog lub sijhawm rau cov pejxeem muab cov ntawv pov tseg pov tseg tsawg tsawg rau kev siv nyiaj. Lawv muab cov nqi qis, feem ntau tsawg dua li ib lub ruble rau 1 kg ntawm ntawv luam ntawv qib qis. Rau cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg zoo - 3-5 RUB.
Qhov thib ob hom kev sau cov ntsiab lus muab nqi zog loj dua rau cov khoom siv raw, ntxiv rau, cov neeg ua haujlwm npaj siab coj nws tawm ntawm tus faib khoom lawv tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv nthuav qhia ntau dua siab yuav tsum tau:
- Qhov Txaj Muag rooj tog loj ntawv (txhua yam teev nws qhov ntau),
- ib co coj mus tsuas txheeb lossis nias nkaus xwb raw cov ntaub ntawv.
Koj tuaj yeem khwv tau ntau dua - 2-6 txhuamCov. rau cov ntawv qis thiab nruab nrab chav kawm pov tseg, 8-12 rubCov. rau thawj-chav kawm raw khoom.
Txais Cov ntsiab lus rau hnub tim ntau ntauCov. Txhua tus neeg nyob hauv lub nroog loj tuaj yeem siv cov tshawb hauv Is Taws Nem thiab pom qhov taw tes ze rau koj lub tsev hauv daim pheem thibCov. Nws tseem muaj peev xwm rau cov pej xeem ntawm cov nroog me thiab nroog xa cov ntawv pov tseg rau nyiaj - cov ntsiab lus sau qhib nyob ntawd.
Nkim ntawv lag luam
Kev lag luam ntawm lub thoob khib nyiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau daim ntawv pov tseg. Muaj ua rau:
- pov tseg ntawv - pheej yig ubiquitous raw khoom
- nws belongs rau chav kawm qis kev nyab xeeb - qib tsib, yog li ntawd tsis tas yuav tsum muaj ntawv tso cai tshwj xeeb rau cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg,
- siv ntawv pov tseg tsis raug rau VAT.
Muaj ntau hom kev lag luam uas tau tuaj yeem siv hauv me me no. Cia peb xav txog me ntsis ntxiv hauv kev nthuav dav.
Qhib taw tes tos
Xyoo tsis ntev los no khib nyiab ntawv sau cov ntsiab lus hauv peb lub tebchaws tau loj dua vim qhov tseeb tias tsoomfwv "tsis paub" cov neeg ua lag luam me ntsis. Niaj hnub no, cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg khib nyiab kis yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig kev lag luam uas koj tuaj yeem pib yuav luag los ntawm kos.
Dab tsi rau qhov no tsim nyog:
- Cia khoomCov. Yog tias koj tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los yuav lossis qev, koj lub chaw nres tsheb yog qhov chaw pib.
- Txoj kev thauj khoomCov. Namely - lub tsheb loj lossis lub tsheb nrog tus thaub qab. Ib lub tsheb tuaj yeem xauj, tab sis nws yog nyiaj txiag kev lag luam; nws zoo dua los yuav cov Gazelle uas siv los yog cov khoom siv pheej yig. tsheb rau koj cov neeg caij lub tsheb.
- Cov Chaw Muag Khoom Ntawv KhibCov. Cov khw muag khoom, chaw rau khoom, chaw ua haujlwm - feem ntau, txhua lub koom haum uas tseem tsis tau cuam tshuam los ntawm koj cov neeg sib tw tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov khoom xa khoom nyoos.
- Muag rawsCov. Cov ntawv sau ntim pov tseg yuav tsum tau muag. Tog twg los resellers ua hauj lwm nrog lub sis plawv hniav thiab ntawv zeb yog npaj yuav nws, los yog lub sis plawv hniav thiab ntawv zeb lawv tus kheej (ntawm chav kawm, yog hais tias koj sau ib pawg ntawm 20-30 tons).
Cov no yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem ntxiv hauv peb tsab xov xwm ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawv pov tseg.
Kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam
Qhov lag luam no yuav tsum tau ua kev nqis peev lojtab sis nqa ho cov nyiaj tau los ntau dua. Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua tau tsim khoom:
- ntaub hoob nab (as well as cardboard tes rau nws),
- ntaub qhwv tes (ntawv thiab yob),
- ntim rau qe
- duab los qhia thiab corrugated cardboard (nrog rau cov thawv ntawv uas muaj cov khoom siv yeem),
- cov ntawv siv pov tseg cov tais diav,
- kraft ntawv (xim av qhwv ntawv rau hauv yob)
- tso cua sov thiab tsev ntawv.
Cov npe tseem nyob deb ntawm kev ua kom tiav, ntxiv rau, txhua xyoo, kev hloov kho tshiab tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb. Rau cov teb chaws Russia, cov khoom lag luam nrov tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom siv yog ntaub so ntswg thiab ntaub so ntswg, nrog rau cov duab los qhia thiab ntim ntawv.
Txawm hais tias muaj koob meej ntawm cov khoom no, nyuaj rau nrhiav cov xaib faibCov. Tshawb xyuas kev lag luam kom zoo zoo ua ntej nqis peev rau cov cuab yeej.
Ua cov khoom siv
Thawj theem ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg ua cov ntaub ntawv yog nws niasCov. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov xovxwm tau siv, uas sib txawv ntawm hom thiab qhov loj.
Ntxiv mus, daim ntawv pov tseg pov tseg mus rau kev ua lag luam, nyob rau hauv uas tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb koom nrog.
Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob yam:
- cais tshuab thiab tshuab
- kab ua nyuaj rau kev ua cov ntawv pov tseg thiab kev tsim cov khoom lag luam los ntawm nws.
Cov cav tov ua lawv cov haujlwm. Xav txog ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm ntaub hoob nab:
- Tshuab ntawvCov. Nws ua cov ntawv pov tseg, ua cov ntawv thiab qhwv rau hauv yob loj nrog qhov dav ntawm 2 meters lossis ntau dua.
- Unwinding tshuab.
- Tshuab rau slicing yob.
- Xyua rooj.
Lub tshuab ntawv tuaj yeem tuaj yeem hloov pauv cais nyias muaj nyias (crusher, pulper, vibrating screen, separators, thermal dispersion devices, thiab lwm yam). Ua haujlwm nrog cov teeb zoo li no tsis tshua muaj neeg paubTab sis rau qhov pib, thaum tsis muaj nyiaj tsis txaus, ntau tus xaiv qhov kev xaiv no.
Lwm txoj yog lub voj voog tsis siv neeg kabCov. Los ntawm cov khib nyiab ntawv yog ua tam sim ua tiav rollsCov. Yog lawm, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv yog tsim nyog.
Muaj kab thiab lub voj voog tsis tiavCov. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm tiav lawm sis plawv hniav raw cov ntaub ntawvCov. Nws yog ob peb zaug kim dua tsis siv neeg cov ntawv pov tseg, yog li no ntau lawm tsis tshua muaj nqi.
Vim li cas nws thiaj li tsim nyog ua cov ntawv siv ua dua tshiab?
Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no:
- Txo kev rhuav tshem deforestationCov. Daim ntawv pov tseg ntau dua yog siv rau kev rov qab siv dua, cov hav zoov tsawg dua yuav tau txiav cia.
- Txo cov khoom ntim khib nyiabCov. Ntau tshaj li ib lub hlis twg ntawm lawv lub ntim yog daim ntawv pov tseg. Siv daim ntawv pov tseg rau nws cov hom phiaj tau tsim, nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv qhov nce ntawm cov ntim hauv nroog pov tseg, yog li ua qhov xwm txheej thiab lub nroog huv.
- Txuag cov peev txheejCov. Kev tsim cov ntawv ntim khoom siv dua yuav siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab dej ntau dua li kev tsim cov khoom lag luam ntoo zoo sib xws. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tsim cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg tsis yog tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig kev lag luam.
- Pheej Yig Cov KhoomCov. Ntoo yog qhov kim, thiab nws siv ntau lub peev txheej los ua nws. Kev tsim cov ntawv pov tseg ua rau lawv pheej yig dua thiab ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig ntau rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg.
Thaum kawg, khib nyiab pov tseg - qhov no yog kev ua zoo, uas tsis yog pab tau, tab sis kuj muaj txiaj ntsigCov. Kev rhuav tshem tam sim no, peb mob siab txog yav tom ntej cov xeeb ntxwv, cia lawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas yuav muaj kev huv huv me ntsis. Yog li ntawd, cov lus sau uas peb pom nyob txhua qhov - “Ua daim ntawv pov tseg ntoo - txuag tsob ntoo” - tsis yog lus hais xwb, tabsis tseem hais dua uas muaj kev cuam tshuam sai rau ob lub ntiaj teb thiab suav tag nrho.
4. Kev koom tes rau kev txuag hav zoov
Kev rhuav tshem ntoo yog ib qho teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Kev Saib Xyuas Hav Zoov Thoob Ntiaj Teb tso nws cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam 2017: thoob ntiaj teb hav zoov tag nrho muaj 29,4 lab his. Thaj chaw no kwv yees li ntawm thaj av ntawm Ltalis. Lub caij no, nyob hauv lub xyoo, ib tsob ntoo tawm cov pa oxygen tso pa tawm rau tsev neeg ntawm 4 tus neeg. Tab sis yuav siv sij hawm ntau xyoo los txuas ntxiv qhov kev txiav hav zoov.
Kev sib sau cov ntawv tsis tsuas yog ib txoj kab hauv CSR daim ntawv qhia, uas pab ua kom lub tuam txhab lub koob npe nrov. Qhov kev coj ua no yog pab rau kev txuag lub hav zoov hav zoov. Ib tuj ntawv ua ntawv pov thawj txuag tau 24 los ntawm kev txiav ntoo.
5. Txuag khoom siv hauv ntuj
Los ntawm cov ntawv siv dua tshiab pov tseg, koj tuaj yeem tau txais daim ntawv huv si tshiab, ntim khoom thiab txawm tias khoom siv tsev. Ib tuj ntawm daim ntawv thim rov qab los tiv thaiv cov pa tawm ntawm tons CO2 rau hauv cov cua, xav tau 4.7 MW * h hluav taws xob tsawg dua thiab 33 m³ dej tsawg dua piv rau daim ntawv thawj. Lub sijhawm no, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom zoo ntawm ob hom ntawv.