Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws Meskas tau tsim cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig rau kua mis ntim rau lawv cov khoom lag luam. Cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm ntawm lub rooj sib tham hauv Philadelphia. Cov khoom ntim tau zoo yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov hnab yas niaj hnub, uas yog lub sijhawm siab tau tshem. Yas decomposes qeeb heev, thiab cov kua mis cov protein ntim khoom yog tsim los ntawm cov organic sib txuas thiab yog ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hnab ntim khoom muaj cov co toxins uas tuaj yeem ua kom huab cua. Thiab qee qhov lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog rau cov khoom lag luam, ua rau muaj ntau yam kabmob.
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Kev ntim khoom tshiab yog tsim los ntawm casein protein. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau txais los ntawm nws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo, xws li lub zog thiab ua kom muaj pa. Citrus pectin tau nkag mus rau hauv cov lus muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas ua rau cov khoom siv tiv taus kev kub thiab cov av noo.
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Raws li qhov tshwm sim, zaj yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov mis nyuj protein hauv qhov tsos thiab tactile ncus tsis txawv ntawm cov yas zoo tib yam. Qhov xwm txheej, xws li cov khoom siv no yuav ploj mus sai sai yam tsis muaj teeb meem tshuaj thiab tsis ua kom raug mob. Yog tias cov thev naus laus zis no dhau mus, tom ntej no yav tom ntej nws yuav hloov tau cov hnab yas nrog ntau cov khoom siv tau zoo.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Qab WikiCells
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov tais diav uas siv tau tsis yog qhov tshiab. Tab sis yog tias dhau los nws yog qee yam ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb, tam sim no, qhov kev paub zoo, feem ntau cov neeg to taub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauv kev hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Yas txav puag ncig peb ib puag ncig, nws overflows av pov tseg thiab clogs pas dej thiab av arable, rhuav tshem cov tsiaj qus. Cov tuam txhab ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom lag luam tab tom nrhiav rau txoj hauv kev los tsim cov khoom lag luam uas ploj mus los yog siv tau ua khoom noj. Ib tus thawj coj pib hauv cheeb tsam no yog Harvard tus kws tshawb fawb David Edwards. Nws yog tus sau ntawm txoj haujlwm los tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus daim nyias nyias WikiCells. Nws muaj dej thiab cov khoom siv biopolymer nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv.
Hauv cov thawv no, koj tuaj yeem khaws tsis tsuas cov khoom, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov khoom ua kua. Cov tuam txhab tsim tawm los tsim ib lub raj mis uas tsim nyog. Cov neeg nyiam qhov kev tsim muaj no nrog cov neeg nyiam yog nyiam npias. Koj tuaj yeem xav txog yam dab tsi xav tau cov hwj no nrog squid lossis rye crackers saj?
Edwards tseem hem rau sai sai no tshaj tawm rau cov pej xeem lub tsev tsis siv neeg lub tshuab rau kev tsim cov tais diav siav, uas koj tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv chav ua noj ze ntawm microwave.
Yam Khoom Noj Nkaws Gelatin Jelloware
Cov khob dej ci thiab ci tshiab tuaj yeem tsim tau los ntawm New York tus tsim qauv cov ntxhais. Lawv siv cov khoom noj khoom haus agar agar, uas tau los ntawm algae. Nws yog tsob nroj-raws li cov kab ntawm gelatin. Txhawm rau tsim cov nplua nuj gamut, lawv tau siv cov zaub mov xim thiab ntxiv cov tsw rau cov lus.
Txawm hais tias koj tsis noj lub khob, koj tuaj yeem pov nws rau hauv paj ntoo. Nws yuav yog ib qho zoo heev rau paj.
Abstract ntawm cov ntawv sau xov xwm hais txog kev ua haujlwm biotechnologies, sau txog kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb - Kudryakova G.Kh., Kuznetsova L.S., Nagula M.N., Mikheeva N.V., Kazakova E.V.
Cov ntaub ntim khoom ntim siv nrog ua ke nrog cov khoom lag luam tsis cuam tshuam qhov ib puag ncig, piv rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev noj tshuaj thiab ntu ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom ntim khoom noj, ua tiav tawm ntawm qhov pom ntawm ib puag ncig, tuaj yeem muaj tus lej ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm vim kev qhia txog cov vitamins, flavings, antioxidants, thiab lwm yam.
Kev noj khoom ntim: kev mob thiab kev cia siab
Cov khoom ntim ntim khoom noj siv ua ke nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus, tsis txhob ntim cov chaw ib puag ncig, cov lus nug yooj yim ntawm kev txau thiab kev ntsuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Ntim khoom noj, tsis tuaj yeem txhaum kev txhaum ntawm qhov pom, tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam khoom muaj nuj nqi thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm vim kev qhia hauv nws cov qauv ntawm cov vitamins, aromatizers, antioxidants, thiab lwm yam.
Cov khob noom los ntawm Lavazza
Tej zaum cov tswv yim qab tshaj plaws yog ncuav mog qab zib. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom zoo li no hauv cov chaw muag khoom noj hauv Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Czech koom pheej. Lawv ua cov khaub noom tsw qab. Txhawm rau ua kom daim ntawv ci thaum koj nyiam haus, nws yog coated nrog piam thaj icing los ntawm sab hauv.
Ib lub khob ua cov kas fes qab me ntsis, yog li koj tsis tas yuav muab cov qab zib
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim lub khob tsim tau yog cov lus nyob rau hauv cov huab cua: hauv Western European tsim kev pom koj yuav pom lub khob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav, caramel thiab chocolate, pastille thiab biscuits.
Cov ntawv sau ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ncauj lus "Cov ntim tau ntim: lub xeev thiab kev cia siab"
EH NTIM THIAB LOGISTICS
kev mob thiab kev cia siab
G.Kh. Kudryakova, L.S. Kuznetsova, M.N. Nagula, N.V. Mikheeva, E.V. Kazakova
Moscow State University ntawm Applied Biotechnology
Tam sim no, hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, tshwj xeeb yog them rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntim cov ntim khoom tshiab, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, siv tau yooj yim, muaj peev xwm muab kev tiv thaiv cov zaub mov zoo los ntawm kev puas tsuaj microbial, raug rau cov pa oxygen, thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom kom qhuav thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab cia.
Nws paub txog tias kev ntim cov yeeb yaj kiab uas ntim tau thiab pleev xim tau siv rau ntau pua xyoo los tswj kev ua zaub mov zoo. Piv txwv li, rov qab rau hauv 18th caug xyoo, cov khoom siv tais diav uas tau ua los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej tau ua tiav tau nyob hauv Nyij Pooj: tom qab siv cov tableware no, nws tuaj yeem noj rau nws lub hom phiaj. Lub sijhawm ntev, ntim tau ntawm ci khob noom cookie wafer nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm khob, phaj, khob, thawv, thawv, thiab lwm yam yog siv dav.
Cov kev ua tiav zoo hauv qhov no tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov chaw uas muaj ntau yam kev puas tsuaj los ntawm polymeric tshuaj tau tsim los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm: hmoov txhuv nplej siab, gelatin, thiab cov celluloses. Muaj ntau hom ntim zaub mov yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom noj hauv cov tais no: cov tais, cov kaus poom, cov phiaj, cov khob uas tuaj yeem noj nrog rau cov khoom noj xws li kua zaub, mij, cov khoom qab zib, nqaij, zaub, cov tais ntses.
Lub teeb pom kev zoo lub thawv muaj cov qauv ua npuas, yog permeable rau qhov cua sov MV thiab tuaj yeem ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg - los ntawm qhov me me txog ntau tshaj plaws (450 x 270 hli). Cov khoom hauv cov ntawv ntim no yog siv ob qho tib si preheated thiab siav (hauv qhov no, cov khoom siv ntim tau yaj hauv nruab nrab hauv chav ua noj thiab ua haujlwm ua cov tuab tuab).
Los ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siav thiab cov tsho tiv no tau muab sib faib ua ke thiab tsis suav. Thawj zaug suav nrog cov zaj duab xis thiab txheej txheej raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus xws li cov nqaijrog, rog, carbohydrates, thiab qhov thib ob suav nrog txheej txheej nyob ntawm waxes, paraffins, dej-soluble ntuj thiab hluavtaws ntawm cov pos hniav, dej-soluble cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl cawv, polyvinylpyrrolidone, thiab lwm yam.
Thaum tsim cov ntawv ntim khoom noj tau tam sim no, tshwj xeeb
saib xyuas yog them rau cov protein ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj keeb kwm, soluble hauv dej, haus dej cawv lossis roj thiab cov roj: roj gelatin, zein, albumin, casein, thiab lwm yam, vim tias txheej txheej raws li cov protein ua cov yeeb yaj kiab ua rau muaj cov kab mob siab nrog rau qee qhov pa roj, suav nrog O2 thiab CO2. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tsis zoo ntawm cov protein thiab cov tsho tiv no yog lawv hygroscopicity thiab tsis tshua muaj zog cov yam ntxwv. Yog li, txhawm rau txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab zog thiab dej tsis kam ntawm cov protein txheej, ntau yam tsis muaj tshuaj lom, ntxiv rau cov yas (mono-, di- thiab oligosaccharides - qabzib, fructose, qabzib kua qab zib, zib ntab, polyalcohols, lipids) yog qhia rau hauv cov muaj peev xwm ua tau, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab txheej txheej yog sib txuas. »Cov hau kev ua tau zoo ntxiv (piv txwv li cov kua zaub ntsuab, calcium chloride, tannin).
Tau ntau xyoo, kev npaj siab los tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tsis muaj dej tsis haum ntawm cov protein protein - casein - ua tsis tiav vim casein derivatives tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib cuag nrog dej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws ua haujlwm chemical Peggy Thomasula ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Qoob Loo (ARS) tau tsim cov ntim khoom noj tau los ntawm rho tawm casein uas yog siv cov pa roj carbon dioxide siab.
Raws li lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ua kom zoo nkauj hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, kua protein muaj feem ntau siv tsis ntev los no. Txhawm rau txo qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab protein los ntawm taum pauv, lawv tau muab tso rau hauv kev daws ntawm sodium acetate, ntxuav nrog dej ntsev thiab ib lub hnab yas ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem yog glycerol lossis propanediol rau cov yeeb yaj kiab. Cov pa permeability ntawm cov kua qaub ua yeeb yaj kiab yog qhov me me thiab raug ua yeeb yaj kiab nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov polymers, tab sis lub vapor permeability ntau dhau, uas txwv kev muaj peev xwm ntawm lawv siv.
Txhawm rau txo vapor permeability, cov roj ntsha (lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic) tau qhia rau hauv cov lus muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog li, qhov txo qis hauv vapor permeability ib txhij ua rau qee qhov txo qis hauv solubility ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv dej. Qhov sib xyaw ua kom zoo yog pom zoo rau ntim
ntau cov khoom noj khoom noj (khoom noj tshais, nqaij, nqaij qaib, ntses, thiab lwm yam).
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab hnyuv yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov khoom noj tau hauv kev lag luam nqaij. Hais txog tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, hom kev ntim no yog ze rau cov khoom lag luam nqaij, yog li thaum siv lawv nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv ntxwm ntau lawm, qhov kev sib txuas lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev hloov tshwm sim hauv cov nqaij minced thiab casings hauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim cov hnyuv ntxwm.
Kev sim los khaws tag nrho cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev hnyuv thiab ua kom tib lub sijhawm tshem tawm lawv qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev tsim cov nqaij muaj protein ntau. Txheej txheej collagen lossis protein ntau tsim ua ntej xyoo 1933 hauv tebchaws Yelemes los ntawm Naturin. Hom kev ntim cov hnyuv ntxwm no yog qhov ze tshaj plaws rau txoj hnyuv xaj, vim tias cov kab mob collagen tau los ntawm txheej nruab nrab ("cais") ntawm nqaij nyuj ua cov khoom siv rau lawv cov khoom. Collagen lub khauj khaum muaj lub zog loj, noo noo permeability, elasticity, txoj kab npoo.
Cov "collible" ua ke tau ua los ntawm cov nqaij zoo sib cais, txawv ntawm cov khoom xyaw protein zoo sib xws hauv nws qhov tuab phab ntsa thiab nws yog qhov zoo los ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov pom ntawm lub siab, nkag mus thiab tom.
Tubular "tuaj yeem" collagen zaj duab xis rau kev tsim cov nqaij ntses, nqaij nqaij haus luam yeeb thiab cov khoom noj nqaij yog raug pom los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb ntau ntxiv thaum haus luam yeeb, txo qis ntawm noo noo poob thaum kho cov cua sov thiab, vim li ntawd, kev nce ntawm cov dej ntawm cov khoom tiav.
Txij li thaum cov peev txheej ntawm collagen-muaj cov khoom nyoos yog muaj tsawg heev, ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav nquag tau tab tom hloov lawv nrog cov ntaub ntawv cog. Xws li lwm txoj yog hmoov txhuv nplej siab (ob qho tib si hloov kho thiab hloov kho tsis tau), zaj duab xis ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm kev ya raws. Kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tso ua ke ntawm cov amylose siab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev hloov kub thaum khov thiab yaj, uas qhib kev cia siab rau lawv siv raws li txheej txheej rau cov khoom lag luam khov nqaij. Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau ntawm pob kws thiab qos yaj ywm hmoov nplej nrog ntau cov zaub mov ntxiv rau cov zaub mov noj tseem siv rau ntim qab zib confectionery, txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv kaus poom (jam), ncuav qab zib, thiab lwm yam.
NTIM THIAB LOGISTICS Щ
Cov pob tshab zoo nkauj kuj tau txais los ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm pob kws zein hauv dej cawv lossis hauv cov kua qaub (acetone); lub zog ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab no piv rau lub zog ntawm PVC cov yeeb yaj kiab.
Cellulose ethers tau kawm zoo thiab tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus. Tam sim no, ob-txheej yeeb yaj kiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv uas hydrocolloid txheej muaj cov sib xyaw ntawm methyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, dej thiab cawv, thiab lipid txheej muaj cov sib xyaw ntawm ethyl cellulose, stearic thiab palmitic acids, dej cawv thiab beeswax.
Kev siv cov peev txheej tuaj yeem, zaj duab xis-tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov uas yog ntuj polymers - polysaccharides, yog qhov muaj kev cia siab heev. Polysaccharide-cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov khoom lag luam poob (los ntawm txo tus nqi ntawm evaporation ntawm ya raws) thiab tsim ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau kev nkag mus ntawm oxygen thiab lwm yam khoom tawm ntawm sab nraud, thiaj li maj mam ua cov txheej txheem uas ua rau lwj ntawm cov khoom noj (rog oxidation).
Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau raws li cov tshuaj pleev ib txwm muaj cov kev ua tau zoo siab, uas txiav txim siab lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev mob tshwm sim zoo. Yog li, thaum noj cov khoom, cov tshuaj no adsorb thiab tshem tawm cov hlau ions, radionuclides (cov khoom ua pa hluav taws xob tsis zoo) thiab lwm cov khoom sib xyaw ua kom muaj kev phom sij, ua haujlwm ua cov detoxifier.
Daniel Valero thiab nws cov npoj yaig los ntawm Spanish University of Miguel Hernan des tau txais kev tso cai raws li cov nroj tsuag ntawm Aloe Vera. Cov gel no tsis cuam tshuam rau saj ntawm cov zaub mov thiab tuaj yeem ua qhov chaw nyab xeeb, ntuj thiab ib puag ncig zoo rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws ua coj ua uas siv rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab sau.
Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus dhau los 20 xyoo dhau los, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau qhia rau kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau thiab cov pleev xim raws li chitosan - ib qho polysaccharide uas tau txais los ntawm lub khauj khaum ntawm marine thiab dej tsis qab. Cov yeeb yaj kiab Chitosan tau thov rau saum npoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub - txiv apples, txiv kab ntxwv, txiv lws suav, kua txob, thiab lwm yam, muaj cov khoom zoo siab. Homogeneous, yoog raws, tsis tawg, chitosan cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj cov permeability xaiv, ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub lim microbial nyob rau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub thiab tswj cov roj av nyob sab nraud thiab hauv cov tuab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev ua thiab hom kev ua pa, uas feem ntau pab ua kom ntev lub txee. cog cov khoom siv. Muaj nuj nqi
Lub ntuj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm chitosan ua cov thickener, nplaum, thiab zaj duab xis yav dhau los yog siv rau kib thiab tsis haus luam yeeb ntawm ntses. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm chitosan nce lub viscosity ntawm cov kua cij, muab nws lub peev xwm los tuav lub txheej ruaj khov ntawm cov kab nrib pleev lossis hmoov txhuv nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom.
Ntawm kev txaus siab kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim kev coj ua raws li carrageenan nrog ntxiv ntawm cov dej cawv polyhydric (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, qabzib, fructose, thiab lwm yam) thiab dej. Ib txheej txheej ntawm casein, kua protein, qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov kua protein thiab gelatin tuaj yeem thov rau cov duab tiav. Cov khoom siv zaj duab xis tuaj yeem siv rau kev ntim cov hmoov, cov zaub mov qhuav, cov rog, thiab lwm yam.
Rau ntau tshaj li 50 xyoo, sodium thiab calcium alginates (hydrocolloids cais los ntawm xim av algae) tau siv rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus. Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau raws li alginates muaj cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm zoo thiab cov thev naus laus zis: lawv yog cov pob tshab, muaj cov tsos zoo nkauj thiab tsis tas yuav tshem tawm ua ntej thaum npaj cov khoom noj rau cov khoom noj. Cov casings muaj lub zog tensile zoo ntawm cov yam ntxwv, uas ua rau nws siv tau rau hauv lub tshuab txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm, xws li cov hnyuv ntxwm, nyoos haus thiab siav nqaij hnyuv ntxwm.
Txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm casing, nyob rau hauv kev muaj zog tshwj xeeb, cov paj rwb xov nrog qhov ntev ntawm tsawg kawg 1 hli tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau qhov kev daws teeb meem alginate [3].
Cov kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas tau tsim ib zaj duab xis ntim tshiab rau cov khoom ua los ntawm ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Lub plhaub noj tau muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis zaub qab zib nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov roj ntsha, dej cawv, ciab, zaub roj. Cov kev ntim khoom no tsis tsuas yog nce lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom thiab zoo li ntxim nyiam, tab sis kuj tseem qab zoo.
Kev nce zuj zus hnub no tau them rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov peev txheej uas muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj capsules uas yog soluble hauv dej los yog yaj ntawm qhov kub nce.
Kuv xav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nco txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj peev xwm tuav tau ntau yam sib txuas hauv lawv cov kev sib xyaw, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txhawb cov khoom noj khoom noj nrog cov zaub mov, vitamins, kab kawm kev nyuaj, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv mus, cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau thiab pleev xim rau
raws li cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntuj muaj qhov muaj peev xim siab, uas txiav txim siab lawv lub txiaj ntsig kev mob tshwm sim zoo. Tshwj xeeb, thaum noj, cov tshuaj no adsorb thiab tshem tawm cov hlau ions, radionuclides thiab lwm cov sib xyaw ua kom muaj kev phom sij, yog li ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tshem tawm.
Pab pawg ntawm cov teeb meem kuaj pom zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom thiab khoom noj khoom haus ntawm Moscow State University of Applied Biotechnology ua haujlwm rau lub cim tshiab ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom noj tau. Kev tsim kho ntawm kev tsim thiab siv cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov khoom siv tau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov qauv dav dav hauv kev xaiv ntawm cov cheebtsam (kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, cov khoom siv lub cev) thiab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov ntim cov khoom ntim uas muaj cov qib siab ntawm kev ua tau zoo (lub zog, qis roj permeability, kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig, cov qauv zoo, kev tiv thaiv zoo, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm microbiological, thiab lwm yam). Cov txheej txheem uas siv tau los ntawm cov pab pawg kuaj los tiv thaiv lub zog ntawm lub hauv siab thaum lub sijhawm sau qoob thiab lub sijhawm cia tau muab coj los tso rau ntawm Bth International Tshwj Xeeb Kev Tshaj Tawm "Biotechnology Ntiaj Teb 2007", uas tau tuav raws li ib feem ntawm Plaub Moscow International Congress "Biotechnology: Lub Xeev thiab Txoj Haujlwm Kev Tsim Kho", thiab tau muab nrog daim ntawv kawm tiav thiab Congressional kub puav pheej.
1. Gennadios A, Weller C. L., Hanna M. A. Soy protein / fatty acid films and coatings // QHIA TXOG: Int. Xov Xwm Sibhawm, Roj thiab Rov Qab. Mais. 1997. V. No. 6. RR 622, 624.
2. Yamada Kohji, Takahashi Hidekazu, Noguchi Akinori. Txhim kho cov dej tsis haum nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis zein thiab cov khoom sib xyaw rau kev ntim khoom noj khoom haus biodegradable J. Khoom Noj Sci. thiab Technol. 199B. 30. No. B. Rr. B99-60V.
3. Wong Dominic W. S, Gregorski Kay S, Hudson Joyce S, Pavlath Attila E. Calcium alginate cov yeeb yaj kiab: cov khoom muaj cua sov thiab permeability rau sorbate thiab ascorbate // J. Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Sci .. 1996. 61. No. 2. RR 337-341.
4. McHugh T. H., Senesi E./Apple cov ntaub qhwv: ib txoj hauv kev tshiab los txhim kho qhov zoo thiab txuas lub txee lub neej ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiav tshiab tshiab // J. Khoom noj khoom haus Sci. 2000.6B. No. 3. Rr. 4V0-4VB.
Cov khoom ntim tau
Lwm cov lus qhia muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg lag luam khoom noj khoom haus thev naus laus zis nyeem hauv peb ntu Rau tus kws tshaj lij, cov ntawv hais txog cov khoom xyaw rau kev lag luam khoom noj - hauv peb cov khoom xyaw.
Koj tuaj yeem sib tham cov lus sau ntawm cov ncauj lus "Cov ntim ntim tau" ntawm cov lus sib tham lossis ntxiv cov lus pom. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv spam, cov lus tshaj tawm tsis tau tshaj tawm tam sim ntawd, tab sis tom qab kuaj pom los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm.
Cov khoom tsis raug cai pom zoo tau los ntawm Andrea Rugiero
Lub tswv yim qub ntawm kev tsim cov tais diav yog los ntawm tus neeg tsim qauv Andrea Rugiero: nws tau thov ua cov phiaj xwm uas tsis tuaj yeem siv rau tib neeg, tab sis rau tsiaj. Cov xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv muaj xws li noog zaub mov, seaweed thiab pob kws hmoov nplej. Cov phiaj xwm zoo li no tuaj yeem pov tseg tom qab kev lom zem - lawv yuav tau khaws los ntawm noog thiab nas.
Ua kev lom zem, lub tswv yim no yog hu ua "tsis paub yam pom tseeb tuaj yam"
Cov khob cij uas tsw qab los ntawm Andera Monjo
Txij thaum yau, ib tus neeg tsim qauv Spanish tau paub siv los saib lub ncuav. Nws yog cov khob cij uas tshoov nws lub siab kom tsim cov tais zaub mov ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab cov noob ntxiv.
Xws li daim hlau zoo li qub heev, thiab aroma ntawm fragrant ci arouses qab los noj mov
Cov tais diav siv tau yog khoom lag luam
Los ntawm kev ua cov tais diav tuaj yeem koj tuaj yeem ua tus tsim nyog tau txais txiaj ntsig, thiab qhov kev lag luam no tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv tsev.
Koj tuaj yeem muab koj cov khoom rau cov chaw noj mov me thiab khw noj mov
Ntawm no, piv txwv, yog lub thev naus laus zis yooj yim los ua cov tsom iav qab zib uas siv tau uas yuav zoo li iav:
Tus thawj tsim ntawm lub rooj festive: thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau ntxuav tais diav
Yuav pib nrog, faib zaub nyoos tuaj yeem nteg tawm hauv tartlets. Cov duab uas siv tau yuav zoo li lub pob tawb, khob lossis hnab ntawv ntawm tortillas. Koj tsuas yog koj yuav tsum tau noj cov khob noom cookie kom yog. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam qhov qub saj ntawm zaub mov.
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau zaub nyoos - rye mov paj
Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog siv zaub ua ib lub taub. Ci eggplant, qos yaj ywm, txiv lws suav lossis dib - txhua qhov no yooj yim tig mus rau hauv lub khob rau khoom noj txom ncauj.
Cov pob tawb rau khoom noj ua rau pom qub thiab muaj kuab heev. Ua li no, tshiav cov cheese rau ntawm grater thiab hliv nws hauv ib daim hlab ntawm parchment lossis silicone khib nyiab rau ntawm daim ntawv ci. Tom qab 5 feeb nyob rau hauv qhov cub preheated, lub cheese melts. Thaum nws tseem mos, cov pob tawb openwork yog tsim los ntawm ib daim hlab.
Tom qab solidification ntawm daim ntawv, koj tuaj yeem muab cov zaub xam lav rau hauv lub khob no
Koj tuaj yeem ua tau yam tsis muaj tsom iav: cov dej haus muaj zog tuaj yeem hliv rau "tsom iav" ntawm cov dib tshiab, thiab cawv - rau hauv khob ntawm kua txob qab zib.
Tsuas yog npaj rau ntau lub ntim tau, cov qhua tuaj yeem tau saj
Ua cas cov tais diav kub? Thiab muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv.
Piv txwv li, pilaf yuav saib zoo heev hauv ib pob mov ci
Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm goulash lossis lwm lub chav kawm tseem ceeb. Ua cov kua zaub rau hauv khob ci taub dag lossis zucchini.
Dessert yog yooj yim. Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws - khob ntawm tev txiv kab ntxwv.
Koj tuaj yeem muab cov mis nyuj khov rau hauv lawv lossis ncuav dej tshuaj yej, uas yuav dhau los ua cov tshuaj tsw qab heev
Tawm ntawm kev sib tw - qab zib zeb tartlets uas tig mus ua khoom qab zib. Thiab thaum kawg, koj tus kheej tuaj yeem ua khob chocolate chocolate rau kas fes lossis tib lub khob noom.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov tais diav uas siv tau yog yooj yim heev. Thov koj cov txheeb ze thiab cov qhua ua rau tsis zoo. Ib qho nyiaj pub zoo yog qhov tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ntxuav tais diav. Koj puas muaj cov zaub mov ntxim nyiam rau cov tais diav? Qhia tawm nrog peb hauv cov lus, qhov no zoo heev!